The pentatonic scale is the guru of improvisers. And it is not difficult to find out why everyone uses this scale to exhaustion: it is easy to do and easy to apply. A few decades ago, some musicians made millions on just playing that scale.
Today it is not so easy to get rich by playing the pentatonic scale, after all, any beginner musician already learns to use this scale (and usually spends the rest of his life doing just that).
What is pentatonic scale?
So let’s understand what this scale is. The concept is very simple: the major pentatonic scale is a collection of notes from the major scale.
We know that the major scale has 7 notes. The pentatonic scale chose 5 of these notes and created another scale. When the major scale stops having 7 notes and starts to have 5, it gets the name of Penta.
Okay, it is a reason for celebration: the pentatonic scale has notes that when played generate a pleasant melody, even if it is only the execution of the scale up and down. This makes everyone’s life easier!
Just memorize the pentatonic scale and when you improvise a song on the major tonality, instead of “elaborating” a sentence with the major scale you play the pentatonic scale which is already guaranteed success!
The pentatonic scale played back and forth is cool, from front to back it is also cool, from middle to end, from end to beginning, from beginning to middle, cool, cool, cool.
Okay, if you’ve never heard the pentatonic scale in your life, go to a keyboard or piano and play the black keys one after the other. This is the sound of a pentatonic scale.
There are many shapes for pentatonic scales; this example of the black keys was just one that facilitates observation because it is very practical. If you don’t have a keyboard, don’t worry, we will explain in detail how this scale is formed.
Major and Minor Pentatonic Scale
The pentatonic scale can be major or minor. The major pentatonic scale contains 5 notes of the major scale, and the minor pentatonic scale contains 5 notes of the minor scale.
A shape for the C major pentatonic scale can be:
*Notes played: C, D, E, G, A
Now see a shape for the A minor pentatonic scale:
*Notes played: A, C, D, E, G
Compare these scales (C pentatonic and A minor pentatonic) with the scales of C major and A minor, respectively. Note that the major pentatonic took 5 notes of the major scale, as we have already commented, and these were degrees 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6.
In other words, degrees 4 and 7 were removed! The minor pentatonic took degrees 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of the minor scale. In other words, it removed degrees 2 and 6!
Note: The normal thing would be to start and end with the same note in the shape of a scale, but we prefer to end the scale with another note here in these shapes so that you understand the logic of the scale on the fretboard.
We chose to show the C major pentatonic and the A minor pentatonic because these two scales contain the same notes. A minor is relative to C, remember?! If this is not in your blood yet, go back and study the relative minor, apply it, then continue your journey, because accumulating knowledge not to use and then forget it is a total waste of time! It would be more worthwhile to spend your time watching Netflix or playing Angry Birds…
Pentatonic scale on the Piano/Keyboard
See an example of the major and minor pentatonic scales on the keyboard below:
Major Pentatonic Scale:
Tonic – Major 2nd – Major 3rd – Perfect 5th – Major 6th
C Major Pentatonic:
Minor Pentatonic Scale:
Tonic – Minor 3rd – Perfect 4th – Perfect 5th – Minor 7th
C Minor Pentatonic:
How to use the pentatonic scale
We have already mentioned that the pentatonic scales (major and minor) can be used in the same place where the major natural and minor natural scales are used, respectively. But the pentatonic, in addition to being able to be used in these contexts, can still be used in other contexts where the natural major and minor scales cannot (we have one more reason for you to like it!).
An example is blues. Soon you will see in the article “Introduction to blues” that the pentatonic scale is the master queen of this style. We will show you examples of application of the pentatonic scale in major and minor contexts here in this article and, in the article “Introduction to blues”, we will show you the use of the pentatonic scale in blues.
We strongly recommend that you take the opportunity to also practice the pentatonic scale within blues, as it is a lot of fun! Spend hours and hours, days and days doing this, and you will become a natural improviser.
How to practice pentatonic solos
But how should you practice the pentatonic scale to make progress and enjoy what you are doing? Follow these steps:
Step 1: Memorize the minor pentatonic scale well and apply it in the tonal context. That is, you can play with this scale within a minor or a major key (playing the pentatonic of the relative minor, in this case). Do this for quite some time.
Step 2: Apply the minor pentatonic in the context of blues, after reading the article “Introduction to blues“. Do this for quite some time.
Step 3: Now that you are quite familiar with the minor pentatonic, memorize the major pentatonic and apply it in the tonal context as well, just as you did in step 1.
Step 4: If you play a string instrument, play the pentatonic scale starting at all degrees. Do the following training, which will expand your skills on the instrument’s fretboard: we will play the pentatonic scale in the key of C major, but starting from other degrees (other sections of the instrument’s fretboard). We will start first from the G note, playing the other notes of the C pentatonic (this will generate a particular shape).
Then, we will do this same pentatonic scale, only now starting from the A note. There is nothing magical about it, we will play the same notes that we played before, we will just be starting at A instead of starting at G. Then we will do the same for the other degrees (because on the string instruments the shapes are different). Check out the shapes below and memorize each one well:
This is the same idea we had to form the musical modes. In the case of the modes, there are 7 notes on the scale, so starting with each degree results in 7 scales. Here at the pentatonic we had 5 scales.
Now the mission is to practice in the same way that you did in the previous steps. Apply these shapes in tonal and blues contexts.
Okay, you already have material to study for months and months! Your resourcefulness in improvisation is taking shape. If you only master the concepts we have covered so far you will be able to improvise on the vast majority of the songs there are. So don’t waste your learning! Put it into practice!
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Go to: Introduction to Blues
Back to: Module 5